GlyphAnchor: Enhancing Visual Text Rendering via Position-Anchored Glyph Priors

NeurIPS 2026

Qiang Xiang^1,2, Shuang Sun², Binglei Li^1,3, Yibo Chen², Xu Tang², Yao Hu², Junping Zhang^1,*

¹Fudan University   ²Xiaohongshu Inc.   ³Shanghai Innovation Institute

^*Corresponding author

🚧 Code coming soon. Stay tuned!

Generation results of GlyphAnchor.

Overview

GlyphAnchor enhances visual text rendering in both text-to-image generation and image editing, with a focus on long, complex, densely arranged text and rare characters.

It introduces lightweight glyph patch conditions anchored to their target locations through the backbone's native positional encoding. Combined with staged supervised fine-tuning and text-aware post-training, GlyphAnchor improves text fidelity while preserving overall image quality.

We also introduce InfoTextBench, a benchmark for evaluating text-rich visual text rendering in both generation and editing settings.

Method

GlyphAnchor encodes rendered glyph patches into visual tokens and anchors their positions to the target layout through the backbone's native positional encoding. These tokens are processed jointly with the prompt, noisy target image, and optional source images.

• Position-anchored glyph priors: compact glyph patches provide character-shape and spatial guidance without changing the attention pattern.
• Staged supervised fine-tuning: training gradually shifts from ground-truth image crops to rendered glyph patches, bridging the gap between training and inference.
• Text-aware post-training: DiffusionNFT combines text-layout consistency, style, and visual fusion rewards to improve robustness and visual quality.

Results

The following tables compare each original backbone with its final GlyphAnchor model after staged supervised fine-tuning and text-aware NFT post-training. Values are taken from the paper; higher is better for every reported metric. Bold values denote the GlyphAnchor result in each pair, not a ranking across models.

General Text Rendering

LongTextBench and OneIGBench-text report English (EN), Chinese (ZH), and average scores. CVTG-2K reports NED, CLIP, and WAC, following the paper's evaluation protocol.

Model	LongTextBench EN ↑	LongTextBench ZH ↑	LongTextBench Avg. ↑	OneIGBench-text EN ↑	OneIGBench-text ZH ↑	OneIGBench-text Avg. ↑	CVTG-2K NED ↑	CVTG-2K CLIP ↑	CVTG-2K WAC ↑
FireRed-Image-Edit-1.1	0.895	0.898	0.897	0.813	0.937	0.875	0.865	0.785	0.747
FireRed-Image-Edit-1.1 + GlyphAnchor	0.990	0.980	0.985	0.961	0.969	0.965	0.968	0.782	0.917
Qwen-Image-Edit-2511	0.900	0.924	0.912	0.893	0.963	0.928	0.850	0.774	0.717
Qwen-Image-Edit-2511 + GlyphAnchor	0.983	0.984	0.984	0.960	0.975	0.967	0.968	0.801	0.922
Z-Image	0.935	0.936	0.936	0.987	0.988	0.988	0.937	0.797	0.867
Z-Image + GlyphAnchor	0.975	0.987	0.981	0.988	0.994	0.991	0.970	0.823	0.924

InfoTextBench: Text-Rich Generation and Editing

InfoTextBench contains 133 samples with Chinese and English prompt versions, paired image-editing and text-to-image tasks, and explicit target text lists. Results are averaged over four generated images per prompt. FireRed-Image-Edit-1.1 and Qwen-Image-Edit-2511 are evaluated for image editing; Z-Image is evaluated for text-to-image generation.

NED is defined as one minus normalized Levenshtein edit distance. Word F1 summarizes word-level recall and precision; phrase hit rate measures the fraction of target phrases found in the image. Overall visual quality is the average of MLLM-judged aesthetics and prompt-following scores.

Model	NED ↑	Word Recall ↑	Word Precision ↑	Word F1 ↑	Phrase Hit Rate ↑	Overall Visual Quality ↑
FireRed-Image-Edit-1.1	0.210	0.443	0.463	0.433	0.154	4.608
FireRed-Image-Edit-1.1 + GlyphAnchor	0.651	0.950	0.864	0.898	0.713	6.480
Qwen-Image-Edit-2511	0.237	0.466	0.543	0.479	0.167	4.603
Qwen-Image-Edit-2511 + GlyphAnchor	0.632	0.957	0.817	0.871	0.737	6.704
Z-Image	0.566	0.949	0.821	0.872	0.807	7.092
Z-Image + GlyphAnchor	0.710	0.978	0.929	0.950	0.885	8.822

ChineseWord: Common and Rare Characters

Character-rendering scores on 3,500 Level-1 common characters, 3,000 Level-2 characters, and 1,605 Level-3 characters, with one generated image per target character.

Model	Level-1 ↑	Level-2 ↑	Level-3 ↑	Total ↑
FireRed-Image-Edit-1.1	0.926	0.411	0.067	0.565
FireRed-Image-Edit-1.1 + GlyphAnchor	0.992	0.783	0.416	0.801
Qwen-Image-Edit-2511	0.816	0.360	0.051	0.496
Qwen-Image-Edit-2511 + GlyphAnchor	0.987	0.795	0.438	0.807
Z-Image	0.852	0.278	0.025	0.476
Z-Image + GlyphAnchor	0.939	0.377	0.102	0.565

TODO

• Release the code.
• Release InfoTextBench.

Citation

@inproceedings{xiang2026glyphanchor,
  title={GlyphAnchor: Enhancing Visual Text Rendering via Position-Anchored Glyph Priors},
  author={Qiang Xiang and Shuang Sun and Binglei Li and Yibo Chen and Xu Tang and Yao Hu and Junping Zhang},
  booktitle={The Fortieth Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems},
  year={2026},
  url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=c3aMyawBN4}
}

Contact Us

If you have any questions about the code, please do not hesitate to contact us!

Email: xiangqiang1601@163.com, sunshuang1@xiaohongshu.com