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<h1 id="ServerEndpointExporter"><a href="#ServerEndpointExporter" class="headerlink" title="ServerEndpointExporter"></a>ServerEndpointExporter</h1><p>ServerEndpointExporter 的作用是在 Spring Boot 环境中，自动扫描和注册使用了 @ServerEndpoint 注解的 WebSocket 服务端点。它是一个实现了 SmartInitializingSingleton 接口的类，会在所有的 Bean 实例化完成后，从 Spring 上下文中获取所有标记了 @ServerEndpoint 的 Bean 的名称，并将它们添加到 ServerContainer 中，从而使客户端可以通过指定的路径连接到这些 WebSocket 服务端点。如果你使用的是外部的容器，例如 Tomcat 或 Jetty，那么你不需要配置这个 Bean，因为这些容器会自动识别和注册 @ServerEndpoint 注解的类。</p>
<h1 id="ApplicationContext"><a href="#ApplicationContext" class="headerlink" title="ApplicationContext"></a>ApplicationContext</h1><p>applicationContext是Spring框架中的一个核心接口和容器，它负责管理和配置应用程序中的Bean对象，以及提供一些企业级的服务，例如国际化、资源访问、事件发布、AOP等。applicationContext继承了BeanFactory接口，因此它也支持基本的依赖注入和Bean生命周期管理功能。applicationContext有多种实现类，可以根据不同的场景和需求来选择合适的容器，例如基于XML文件、注解、Java配置等。</p>
<p>以下是一些applicationContext的主要特点和功能：</p>
<ul>
<li>applicationContext可以从不同的来源加载Bean定义，例如XML文件、注解、Java配置等，并且可以支持多个配置文件的合并和覆盖。</li>
<li>applicationContext可以解析文本消息，支持国际化和本地化，通过MessageSource接口提供统一的消息访问方式。</li>
<li>applicationContext可以访问不同类型的资源，例如类路径、文件系统、URL等，通过ResourceLoader接口提供统一的资源加载方式 。</li>
<li>applicationContext可以发布和监听应用程序事件，通过ApplicationEventPublisher接口提供事件发布功能，通过ApplicationListener接口提供事件监听功能 。</li>
<li>applicationContext可以支持AOP功能，通过BeanPostProcessor接口提供Bean后置处理功能，通过BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口提供Bean工厂后置处理功能 。</li>
</ul>
<p>父类HierarchicalBeanFactory：拥有获取父BeanFactory的功能</p>
<p>父类ListableBeanFactory：拥有获取beanNames的功能</p>
<p>父类ResourcePatternResolver：资源加载器，可以一次性获取多个资源（文件资源等等）</p>
<p>父类EnvironmentCapable：可以获取运行时环境（没有设置运行时环境功能）</p>
<p>父类ApplicationEventPublisher：拥有广播事件的功能（没有添加事件监听器的功能）</p>
<p>父类MessageSource：拥有国际化功能</p>
<p>Spring容器最基本的接口就是BeanFactory。BeanFactory负责配置、创建、管理Bean；</p>
<p>ApplicationContext由BeanFactory派生而来；BeanFactory的许多功能需要编程实现，而在ApplicationContext中则可以通过配置的方式实现；</p>
<p>ApplicationContext因此也称之为Spring上下文。Spring容器负责管理Bean与Bean之间的依赖关系。</p>
<pre><code> /**
*
* ApplicationContext体系结构
* 主要实现类：
* ClassPathXmlApplicationContext：默认从类路径加载配置文件
* FileSystemXmlApplicationContext：默认从文件系统中装载配置文件
*/
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
</code></pre><h1 id="相关的Aware接口"><a href="#相关的Aware接口" class="headerlink" title="相关的Aware接口"></a>相关的Aware接口</h1><p>Spring提供了广泛的Aware回调接口，让bean向容器表明它们需要某种基础设施依赖。</p>
<p>通常Aware有这样一个规则：Aware接口的名称，表示依赖对象的类名称。<br>例如，一个bean需要使用ApplicationContext，实现ApplicationContextAware接口即可</p>
<p>例如</p>
<p>定义一个bean的类<br>想要使用ApplicationContext对象，就要实现ApplicationContextAware接口</p>
<pre><code>public class MyApplicationContextAware implements ApplicationContextAware {
// 用一个全局变量，保存接口回调时传入的applicationContext对象
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
// 使用获取的applicationContext对象
public void printAllBean(){
String[] beanDefinitionNames = applicationContext.getBeanDefinitionNames();
System.out.println("当前容器中的bean如下：");
for (String beanDefinitionName : beanDefinitionNames) {
System.out.println(beanDefinitionName);
}
}
@Override
public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
}
}</code></pre><h1 id="ApplicationContextAware"><a href="#ApplicationContextAware" class="headerlink" title="ApplicationContextAware"></a>ApplicationContextAware</h1><p>ApplicationContextAware的作用是让一个类可以获取它所在的Spring容器，从而可以方便地使用容器中的其他Bean。实现这个接口的类只需要重写setApplicationContext方法，就可以接收到容器对象。这样，就不需要通过new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext()等方式来手动创建容器对象了。</p>
<p>例如，如果我们有一个工具类，需要使用到Spring容器中的某个服务类，我们就可以让这个工具类实现ApplicationContextAware接口，然后在setApplicationContext方法中保存容器对象，再通过getBean方法来获取服务类的实例。这样，我们就可以在工具类中调用服务类的方法了。</p>
<p>以下是一个简单的示例代码：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token keyword">import</span> org<span class="token punctuation">.</span>springframework<span class="token punctuation">.</span>beans<span class="token punctuation">.</span>BeansException<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> org<span class="token punctuation">.</span>springframework<span class="token punctuation">.</span>context<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ApplicationContext<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> org<span class="token punctuation">.</span>springframework<span class="token punctuation">.</span>context<span class="token punctuation">.</span>ApplicationContextAware<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">MyUtil</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">ApplicationContextAware</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> ApplicationContext context<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setApplicationContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ApplicationContext applicationContext<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> BeansException <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 将容器对象保存到静态变量中</span>
context <span class="token operator">=</span> applicationContext<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">doSomething</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 从容器中获取服务类的实例</span>
MyService myService <span class="token operator">=</span> context<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBean</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>MyService<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 调用服务类的方法</span>
myService<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">doSomething</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>一些aware接口</p>
<p><img src="/springboot-api/image-20231006215256533.png" alt="image-20231006215256533"></p>
<h1 id="BeanPostProcessor"><a href="#BeanPostProcessor" class="headerlink" title="BeanPostProcessor"></a>BeanPostProcessor</h1><pre><code>public interface BeanPostProcessor {
Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;
Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;
}</code></pre><p>BeanPostProcessor是一个Spring框架提供的接口，它的作用是在bean实例化之后，初始化前后对bean进行一些额外的处理，比如修改属性值，添加代理对象，增加功能等。BeanPostProcessor可以应用于容器中的所有bean，也可以通过注解或者XML配置指定某些bean使用特定的BeanPostProcessor。</p>
<p>BeanPostProcessor接口有两个方法：postProcessBeforeInitialization和postProcessAfterInitialization，分别在bean的初始化方法（如@PostConstruct或者init-method）之前和之后执行。这两个方法都接收一个bean对象和一个beanName作为参数，返回一个处理后的bean对象。</p>
<p>演示了如何使用BeanPostProcessor来给容器中的所有bean添加一个前缀：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 定义一个普通的bean</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Component</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Hello</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> String name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">sayHello</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Hello, "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 定义一个BeanPostProcessor的实现类</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Component</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">PrefixBeanPostProcessor</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">BeanPostProcessor</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> Object <span class="token function">postProcessBeforeInitialization</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Object bean<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String beanName<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> BeansException <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 在初始化之前，给所有bean的name属性添加一个前缀</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bean <span class="token keyword">instanceof</span> <span class="token class-name">Hello</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Hello hello <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Hello<span class="token punctuation">)</span> bean<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
hello<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Mr. "</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> hello<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> bean<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> Object <span class="token function">postProcessAfterInitialization</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Object bean<span class="token punctuation">,</span> String beanName<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> BeansException <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 在初始化之后，不做任何处理</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> bean<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 测试类</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Test</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 创建一个Spring容器</span>
ApplicationContext context <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">AnnotationConfigApplicationContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"com.example"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 从容器中获取Hello这个bean</span>
Hello hello <span class="token operator">=</span> context<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getBean</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Hello<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 调用sayHello方法</span>
hello<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sayHello</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true">// 输出：Hello, Mr. Bob</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>通过BeanPostProcessor，我们可以在不修改原始bean代码的情况下，对bean进行一些自定义的操作。这是一种非常灵活和强大的机制，Spring框架本身也使用了很多BeanPostProcessor来实现一些核心功能，比如AOP、事务、注解等。</p>
<pre><code>package com.dpb.processor;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
/**
* 自定义BeanPostProcessor实现类
* BeanPostProcessor接口的作用是：
* 我们可以通过该接口中的方法在bean实例化、配置以及其他初始化方法前后添加一些我们自己的逻辑
* @author dengp
*
*/
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor{
/**
* 实例化、依赖注入完毕，在调用显示的初始化之前完成一些定制的初始化任务
* 注意：方法返回值不能为null
* 如果返回null那么在后续初始化方法将报空指针异常或者通过getBean()方法获取不到bena实例对象
* 因为后置处理器从Spring IoC容器中取出bean实例对象没有再次放回IoC容器中
*/
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("before--实例化的bean对象:"+bean+"\t"+beanName);
// 可以根据beanName不同执行不同的处理操作
return bean;
}
/**
* 实例化、依赖注入、初始化完毕时执行
* 注意：方法返回值不能为null
* 如果返回null那么在后续初始化方法将报空指针异常或者通过getBean()方法获取不到bena实例对象
* 因为后置处理器从Spring IoC容器中取出bean实例对象没有再次放回IoC容器中
*/
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("after...实例化的bean对象:"+bean+"\t"+beanName);
// 可以根据beanName不同执行不同的处理操作
return bean;
}
}</code></pre><p>如果BeanPostProcessor的实现类依赖于其他bean，那么这些bean也必须在其他bean创建之前就被创建，所以它们也无法被AOP代理。</p>
<p>这就导致了一个限制，我们无法对BeanPostProcessor的实现类或者它依赖的bean使用AOP织入通知，也无法对它们应用其他BeanPostProcessor提供的功能。</p>
<h1 id="InitializingBean"><a href="#InitializingBean" class="headerlink" title="InitializingBean"></a>InitializingBean</h1><ul>
<li>InitializingBean是一个Spring框架提供的接口，它的作用是在bean实例化之后，初始化前后对bean进行一些额外的处理，比如修改属性值，添加代理对象，增加功能等。</li>
<li>InitializingBean接口只有一个方法：afterPropertiesSet，它会在bean的所有属性被设置之后调用，可以用来检查属性是否正确，或者执行一些自定义的初始化逻辑。</li>
<li>InitializingBean接口和init-method属性的关系是：如果一个bean既实现了InitializingBean接口，又配置了init-method属性，那么Spring容器会先调用afterPropertiesSet方法，然后再调用init-method指定的方法。</li>
<li>InitializingBean接口的实现方式是：通过反射机制，在AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory类中的initializeBean方法中，判断bean是否是InitializingBean的实例，如果是，则调用afterPropertiesSet方法。</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>// 定义一个User类，实现InitializingBean接口
public class User implements InitializingBean {
private String name;
private int age;
// 构造方法
public User(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
// 重写afterPropertiesSet方法，在bean的属性设置完成后执行一些逻辑
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
// 检查name属性是否为空，如果为空则抛出异常
if (name == null || name.isEmpty()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Name cannot be null or empty");
}
// 检查age属性是否合法，如果不合法则抛出异常
if (age < 0 || age > 150) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Age must be between 0 and 150");
}
// 打印一些信息
System.out.println("User bean initialized by InitializingBean: " + this);
}
// 定义一个自定义的初始化方法
public void init() {
// 给name属性添加一个前缀
name = "Mr. " + name;
// 给age属性加10
age = age + 10;
// 打印一些信息
System.out.println("User bean initialized by init-method: " + this);
}
// 重写toString方法，方便打印
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';